Contents of the /usr/bin Directory
The following table shows the contents of the /usr/bin
directory, which is used for mail services.
Name | Type | Description |
|---|
aliasadm | File | A program to manipulate the NIS+ aliases
map. |
mail | File | A user agent. |
mailcompat | File | A filter to store mail in SunOS 4.1 mailbox format. |
mailq | Link | A link to /usr/lib/sendmail. Used
to list the mail queue. |
mailstats | File | A program that is used to read mail statistics that are
stored in the /etc/mail/statistics file (if present). |
mailx | File | A user agent. |
mconnect | File | A program that connects to the mailer for address verification
and debugging. |
praliases | File | A command to "uncompile" the alias database.
Refer to the uncompile information that is provided in the man page for praliases(1). |
rmail | Link | A link to /usr/bin/mail. Command that
is often used to permit only the sending of mail. |
vacation | File | A command to set up an automatic reply to mail. |
Contents of the /etc/mail Directory
The following table shows the contents of the /etc/mail
directory.
Name | Type | Description |
|---|
Mail.rc | File | Default settings for the mailtool user agent. |
aliases | File | Mail-forwarding information. |
aliases.db | File | Default binary form of mail-forwarding information that is created by running newaliases. |
aliases.dir | File | Binary form of mail-forwarding information that is created
by running newaliases. Can still be used, but is no longer
used by default in the Solaris 9 release. |
aliases.pag | File | Binary form of mail-forwarding information that is created
by running newaliases. Can still be used, but is no longer
used by default in the Solaris 9 release. |
mailx.rc | File | Default settings for the mailx user agent. |
main.cf | File | Sample configuration file for main systems. |
relay-domains | File | List of all domains for which relaying is allowed. By default,
only the local domain is allowed. |
sendmail.cf | File | Configuration file for mail routing. |
submit.cf | File | New configuration file for the mail submission program (MSP). For more information,
refer to New Configuration File, submit.cf. |
local-host-names | File | Optional file that you can create if the number of aliases
for the mail host is too long. |
helpfile | File | Help file that is used by the SMTP HELP
command. |
sendmail.pid | File | File that lists the PID of the listening
daemon and is now in /var/run. |
statistics | File | sendmail statistics file. If this file is present, sendmail
logs the amount of traffic through each mailer. Previously, this file was
called sendmail.st. |
subsidiary.cf | File | Sample configuration file for subsidiary systems. |
trusted-users | File | File that lists the users (one user per line) who can be trusted to perform
certain mail operations. By default, only root is in
this file. Certain mail operations, when performed by untrusted users, result
in the following warning, X-Authentication-Warning: header being
added to a message. |
Contents of the /usr/lib Directory
Table 23-9 shows the contents of the /usr/lib directory, which is used for mail services.
Table 23-9 Contents of the /usr/lib Directory
Name | Type | Description |
|---|
mail.local | File | Mailer that delivers mail to mailboxes. |
sendmail | File | Routing program, also known as
the mail transfer agent. |
smrsh | File | Shell program (sendmail restricted shell) that uses the "|program" syntax of sendmail to
restrict programs that sendmail can run to those programs
listed in the /var/adm/sm.bin directory. Refer to the smrsh(1M)
man page for recommendations on what to include in /var/adm/sm.bin. To enable, include this m4 command, FEATURE(`smrsh'), in your mc file. |
Contents of the /usr/lib/mail Directory
Within the /usr/lib directory is a subdirectory, mail, that contains all of the necessary files to build a sendmail.cf file. The contents of mail are
shown in Table 23-10.
Table 23-10 Contents of the /usr/lib/mail Directory Used for
Mail Services
Name | Type | Description |
|---|
README | File | Describes the configuration files. |
cf | Directory | Provides site-dependent and site-independent
descriptions of hosts. |
cf/main.mc | File | Previously named cf/main-v7sun.mc.
Is the main configuration file. |
cf/makefile | File | Provides rules for building new configuration files. |
cf/submit.mc | File | Is the configuration file for the mail submission program (MSP), which is
used to submit messages. |
cf/subsidiary.mc | File | Previously named cf/subsidiary-v7sun.mc. Is the configuration file for hosts that NFS-mount /var/mail from another host. |
domain | Directory | Provides site-dependent subdomain descriptions. |
domain/generic.m4 | File | Is the generic domain file from Berkeley. |
domain/solaris-antispam.m4 | File | Is the domain file
with changes that make sendmail function like previous
Solaris versions. However, relaying is disabled completely, sender addresses
with no host name are rejected, and unresolvable domains are rejected. |
domain/solaris-generic.m4 | File | Is the default domain
file with changes that make sendmail function like previous
Solaris versions. |
feature | Directory | Contains definitions of specific features for particular
hosts. See README for a full description of the features. |
m4 | Directory | Contains site-independent include files. |
mailer | Directory | Contains definitions of mailers, which include local, smtp, and uucp. |
ostype | Directory | Describes various operating system environments. |
ostype/solaris2.m4 | File | Defines default local mailer as mail.local. |
ostype/solaris2.ml.m4 | File | Defines default
local mailer as mail.local. |
ostype/solaris2.pre5.m4 | File | Defines local mailer as mail. |
ostype/solaris8.m4 | File | Defines local mailer as mail.local (in LMTP mode), enables IPv6, specifies /var/run
as the directory for the sendmail.pid file. |
sh | Directory | Contains shell scripts that are used by the m4 build process and migration aids. |
sh/check-permissions | File | Checks permissions of :include: aliases and .forward files and their parent directory path for correct permissions. |
sh/check-hostname | File | Verifies that sendmail
is able to determine the fully qualified host name. |
Other Files Used for Mail Services
Several other files and directories are used for mail services, as shown
in Table 23-11.
Table 23-11 Other Files Used for Mail Services
Name | Type | Description |
|---|
sendmailvars.org_dir | Table | NIS+ version of sendmailvars file. |
/etc/default/sendmail | File | Lists the environment variables for
the startup script for sendmail. |
/etc/shells | File | Lists the valid login shells. |
/usr/sbin/editmap | File | Queries and edits single records in database maps for sendmail. |
/usr/sbin/in.comsat | File | Mail notification
daemon. |
/usr/sbin/makemap | File | Builds binary forms of keyed maps. |
/usr/sbin/newaliases | Link | A link to /usr/lib/sendmail. Used to create the binary
form of the alias database. Previously in /usr/bin. |
/usr/sbin/syslogd | File | Error message logger, used by sendmail. |
/usr/sbin/etrn | File | Perl script for starting the client-side remote mail queue. |
/usr/dt/bin/dtmail | File | CDE mail user agent. |
/var/mail/mailbox1, /var/mail/mailbox2 | File | Mailboxes for delivered
mail. |
/var/spool/clientmqueue | Directory | Storage for mail that is delivered
by the client daemon. |
/var/spool/mqueue | Directory | Storage for mail that is delivered by the master daemon. |
$OPENWINHOME/bin/mailtool | File | Window-based
mail user agent. |
/var/run/sendmail.pid | File | File that lists the PID of the listening daemon. |
Interactions of Mail Programs
Mail services are provided by a combination of the following programs,
which interact as shown in the simplified illustration in Figure 23-2.
Figure 23-2 Interactions of Mail Programs
 For a more detailed illustration, refer to the figure in sendmail Features.
The following is a description of the interactions of mail programs.
Users send messages by using programs such as mailx or mailtool. See the man pages for mailx(1) or mailtool(1)
for information about these programs.
The message is collected by the program that generated the
message, and the message is passed to the sendmail daemon.
The sendmail daemon parses
the addresses (divides them into identifiable segments) in the message. The
daemon uses information from the configuration file, /etc/mail/sendmail.cf, to determine network name syntax, aliases, forwarding information,
and network topology. By using this information, sendmail
determines which route a message must follow to get to a recipient.
The sendmail daemon passes the message
to the appropriate system.
The /usr/lib/mail.local program on the
local system delivers the mail to the mailbox in the /var/mail/username directory of the recipient of the message.
The recipient is notified that mail has arrived and retrieves
the mail by using mail, mailx, mailtool, or a similar program.
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